We often refer to "audio," which is actually a shortened term for an audio system. As technology rapidly evolves, people's demands for dance and musical performances have also escalated. Not only must the performances be exceptional, but the venues must also be of high standards. Consequently, audio systems have undergone continuous improvements and enhancements. Nowadays, a small audio system can cater to the needs of individuals, musical instrument players, and home entertainment.

On the other hand, a large-scale audio system can fulfill the sound reinforcement requirements of concerts with tens of thousands of attendees. The technology and manufacturing of loudspeaker systems have been developing steadily over the years. However, in recent years, there have been changes. Linear array loudspeaker systems have emerged in many large-scale events and performances worldwide.

Do you know the differences between the linear array speakers used in large venues and ordinary speakers?

Different Composition of Speaker Systems
Linear array speakers, also known as linear array loudspeakers, consist of a line of closely spaced radiation units arranged in a straight line, with identical amplitude and phase. In contrast, ordinary speakers refer to a device that converts audio signals into sound, typically a combination of loudspeakers and power amplifiers. The power amplifiers amplify the audio signals, and the speakers emit the sound, ultimately achieving a louder effect.

Different Application Scenarios
Linear array speakers are remote speakers typically used in large indoor and outdoor venues such as stadiums, concert halls, large conference rooms, and multipurpose halls. Ordinary speakers, on the other hand, are designed for small spaces like small and medium-sized meeting rooms, reception rooms, and small reporting halls. If ordinary speakers are used in large outdoor venues and the sound reinforcement requirements are to be met, a significant number of ordinary speakers would be required. Moreover, the sound pressure level in the central audience area often falls short, resulting in excessively low sound levels.

Different Power Ratings
Generally speaking, the units of linear array speakers have relatively high power handling capabilities to prevent burnout during use. Additionally, linear array speakers often employ a three-way frequency division, featuring bass, midrange, and treble units. In contrast, ordinary speakers typically have lower power ratings and employ a two-way frequency division. For instance, an ordinary speaker may have a total power of 4000W, while a linear array speaker may have a total power of 6960W. Given that the sensitivity of the speakers is the same, a higher power rating translates to a higher sound pressure level.

Different Structures
There are fundamental structural differences between linear array speakers and ordinary speakers. Linear array speakers undergo special treatment in terms of unit selection, cabinet structure, crossover point selection, and external DSP to ensure effective coupling and superposition of the high and low frequencies of each speaker. This allows for a narrow beamwise directivity and energy accumulation for long-distance radiation. The curved section of the linear array covers the near area, creating a gradual coverage from near to far, satisfying the requirements of the linear array. In contrast, ordinary speakers can only be used separately. When used in combination with the same signal, interference and cancellation may occur, affecting the sound reinforcement quality.

Different Sound Diffusion Characteristics
The linear array speakers diffuse sound in a linear manner, while ordinary speakers diffuse sound in a point-source manner. Compared to a line source, a point source has a wider diffusion angle. To illustrate the concept of diffusion angle, consider the analogy of lighting. A searchlight, commonly seen at night, projects a long beam of light straight into the sky. In contrast, a street lamp illuminates its surroundings but the brightness decreases significantly with distance.

A single ordinary speaker has a wide diffusion angle, typically 90°H×60°V. In contrast, a single linear array speaker has a narrower diffusion angle, typically 120°H×10°V. However, the coverage angle of linear array speakers can be expanded by adding more speakers.

Different Sound Directivity
The sound directivity of speakers is closely related to their diffusion characteristics, which are determined by their sound source diffusion methods. Therefore, linear array speakers exhibit directional characteristics, while ordinary speakers have weak directivity. Additionally, as the directivity of linear array speakers is sharp, typically around 10°, it becomes increasingly sharper as the frequency increases. When reaching a certain frequency, such as 2kHz, the directivity becomes radial, and the high-frequency loudspeaker assembly enhances the directional superposition of sound waves. Furthermore, when speakers have strong directivity, the sound heard by the audience in the front and back rows of the venue will be relatively similar.